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<!DOCTYPE html>

This forces the browser to render according to the standards. Without it, the browser is free to guess at what is required.

Older web pages did not have this line so are unlikely to break.

<html lang="en" dir="ltr">

Here we are making explicit the defaults, ie the English language and left-to-right text.

<meta charset="utf-8">

There is no problem with simple characters like the letter A for example but special characters like é for example can be encoded in a variety of ways. utf-8 is the most common and hence is the default.

If you always use the ht Atom shortcut to start a new HTML page, you'll never need to remember any of the above.

We need an image for the next demo so please download this file into your project_15 directory.

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